Anthropological Perspectives on Low Back Pain in Homo Sapiens: Correlating Bipedal and Quadrupedal Locomotion

A Literature Review

Abstract

Abstract
Background. Low back pain (LBP) is a common and significant problem in both clinical and public health settings. Although lower back pain (LBP) is common, a clear knowledge of its cause is still difficult to achieve
Methods. Literature searching was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science using Search terms included "low back pain", "bipedal locomotion”, “quadrupedal locomotion” , “anthropological perspective”. Systematic reviews of peer-reviewed articles, reports, and case studies were chosen.
Discussion. Bipedalism as a pivotal evolutionary development with profound impacts on human anatomy and biomechanics. While it conferred advantages for survival and adaptation, it also introduced challenges, particularly regarding spinal health. Insights from this review illuminate the evolutionary origins of locomotor patterns and inform approaches to addressing modern health issues, such as LBP, stemming from our unique upright posture.
Conclusion. Bipedalism, a key feature of human development, brought about substantial alterations in the spinal column and musculoskeletal system, allowing for upright walking and the liberation of the hands for tool use. Nevertheless, these adjustments also made people more susceptible to lower back pain (LBP) as a result of the distinct pressures exerted on the spine.

Keywords. low back pain, bipedal locomotion, quadrupedal locomotion, anthropological perspective