Journal of Diverse Medical Research: Medicosphere

The Role of One Health Framework to Neglected Tropical Diseases in South East Asia

Leonardo Tedjaprasadja — Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) remain a significant public health challenge in Southeast Asia, disproportionately affecting marginalized communities and exacerbating cycles of poverty and poor health. These diseases often arise at the interface of human, animal, and environmental health, necessitating a transdisciplinary approach. The One Health framework, which integrates human, animal, and environmental health strategies, offers a holistic and sustainable solution to combat NTDs in the region. This article explores the application of One Health in addressing NTDs such as dengue, leptospirosis, schistosomiasis, and rabies across Southeast Asia. It highlights current regional initiatives, identifies challenges including fragmented surveillance systems and limited intersectoral coordination and underscores the importance of cross-border collaboration, community engagement, and policy integration. Emphasizing the need for sustained investment and capacity building, the article advocates for strengthening One Health systems as a pathway toward effective NTD control and elimination in Southeast Asia.

Enhancing Emergency Fracture Diagnosis with Point-of-Care Ultrasound (Pocus) : A Rapid and Efficient Alternative

Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract

Introduction: Fracture diagnosis is a crucial aspect of trauma and musculoskeletal injury management, traditionally relying on imaging modalities such as X-ray, CT scan, and MRI. However, these methods have limitations, including high costs, long waiting times, radiation exposure, and limited accessibility in remote areas. Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) has emerged as a diagnostic alternative that is more portable, cost-effective, radiation-free, and provides real-time results, making it a potential solution in emergency situations or resource-limited healthcare facilities. Methods: This study employs a literature search approach based on the PICO framework to evaluate the effectiveness of Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) in detecting fractures compared to X-ray, CT scan, and MRI. Literature sources were obtained from Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and PubMed using relevant keywords. Seven English-language journals were selected for further analysis. Results and Disscussion: POCUS is a rapid, non-invasive, and effective diagnostic tool for fracture and musculoskeletal injury. It allows fracture identification within an average of 3.9 minutes, with a sensitivity exceeding 85%, reaching up to 100% in children, while its specificity exceeds 90%. Although its accuracy is still lower than that of MRI, POCUS excels in terms of speed and patient convenience. Conclusion: POCUS serves as a safe and rapid alternative to conventional methods, particularly for children and patients with limited access to radiographic imaging. It provides a more patient-friendly diagnostic method, especially in medical settings requiring high safety and speed. While X-ray remains the gold standard, POCUS can be utilized in emergency situations. However, its effectiveness depends on operator skill and is less optimal for detecting complex fractures.

Keywords: Point-of-Care-Ultrasound, POCUS, Fracture, Diagnosis, Medical Imaging

The Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Diagnosis and Management of Ischemic Stroke in Indonesia

Fitri Sepviyanti Sumardi — Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in Indonesia. However, with the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI), there is a promising future for improving stroke diagnosis and management. This article aims to explore the potential of AI in this context, as well as the challenges and opportunities for its implementation in Indonesia, offering a hopeful outlook for the future of stroke care.

Article Selection Methodology: This is a narrative study on the utilization of AI in diagnosing and managing ischemic stroke. Using the keywords' role of AI in diagnosing and managing ischemic stroke,' we retrieved and critically reviewed approximately 16 relevant articles from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar.

Results: Artificial intelligence (AI) presents a promising avenue for enhancing stroke diagnosis. Its ability to analyze data faster and more accurately and to assist medical personnel in making better clinical decisions is a significant advancement. However, it's crucial to recognize and address challenges, such as the need for high-quality data and adequate user training. Overcoming these hurdles is critical and requires our utmost determination and commitment to fully realizing the potential of AI in daily clinical practice.

Conclusion: Artificial intelligence has significant potential in diagnosing and managing ischemic stroke in Indonesia. Its ability to enhance diagnostic accuracy, streamline clinical decision-making, and improve access to care is undeniable. However, to fully realize these benefits, we must urgently invest in further research and foster collaboration among various stakeholders. We can ensure the safe, effective, and ethical implementation of this transformative technology through these concerted efforts.

Systemic Lupus Erytomatosa in Pregnancy Accompained by Angioedema

Masyhur Hakim, Debrina Kusuma Devi — Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease with diverse clinical manifestations, variable disease progression, and prognosis. SLE is associated with genetic, hormonal, immunological, and environmental factors. Its prevalence in the general population ranges from twenty to one hundred fifty cases per one hundred thousand people. SLE is more commonly found in women, particularly those of reproductive age. Angioedema in SLE patients is a rare occurrence both regionally and globally. scale. This article reports the case of a 24-year-old woman who came to the Emergency Department of Ploso Hospital with complaints of reddish spots on the face area accompanied by swollen lips since 1 week before admission. The patient also complained of a rash on both palms, mouth ulcers on the lips, and hair loss. The patient is currently pregnant with a gestational age of 6 months. Complaints of rashes on the face and swollen lips have been experienced by the patient before. The results of physical examination and support showed that the patient was diagnosed with SLE. This article aims to add insight into cases of angioedema in SLE patients with pregnancy so that further research and development can be carried out.

The Effectiveness of HPV Vaccine in Cervical Cancer Prevention

rahma khaerussifa juandi, Agustina Tri Pujiastuti — Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women worldwide, with more than 600,000 cases and 342,000 deaths occurring in 2020. The World Health Organization (WHO) has set a global strategy to eliminate cervical cancer by 2030, where Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is one of its main pillars. In Indonesia, the HPV vaccination program has been implemented as a preventive measure in preventing cervical cancer, with the main target being girls aged 9 to 14 years. HPV vaccines, especially types 16 and 18, have been shown to be effective in preventing more than 70% of cervical cancer cases. This literature review evaluates the effectiveness of the HPV vaccine in girls in Indonesia and the challenges in its implementation. Although the national vaccination program has been successfully implemented in various regions, challenges such as socio-economic, myths about vaccines, and rejection from parents are still obstacles in achieving optimal vaccination coverage. Continuous education to the public is essential to build a better understanding of the benefits of HPV vaccination in preventing cervical cancer. With higher vaccination coverage, it is hoped that the incidence rate of cervical cancer can be significantly reduced in the future.

A Comprehensive Analysis of the Journey, Factors, and Challenges of HIV/AIDS from a Global Perspective

Zevy Marcela, Laurentius Johan Ardian — Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract

Background. HIV/AIDS remains one of the most significant global health challenges, particularly in developing regions such as Africa and Southeast Asia. Despite significant advances in treatment and prevention, the epidemic continues to be fueled by complex interactions between mental health, socio-economic, cultural, and behavioral factors.

Objective: The objective of this study is to explore and analyze the various factors that contribute to the ongoing spread of HIV/AIDS, with a specific focus on the role of mental health, socio-economic status, and cultural practices.

Method. This study employed a comprehensive literature review approach, analyzing data from peer-reviewed journals, WHO reports, and national health statistics. The review included articles published between 2019 and 2024, sourced from databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar, with a focus on studies that address the intersection of mental health and HIV, as well as the socio- cultural dynamics influencing the epidemic.

Discussion. The results indicate that poor mental health significantly elevates the risk of engaging in high- risk behaviors associated with HIV transmission. Additionally, socio- economic disparities and cultural practices, such as stigma and discrimination, continue to exacerbate the prevalence of HIV, particularly in vulnerable populations.

Conclusion: The findings underscore the critical need for integrating mental health services into HIV prevention and treatment programs. Furthermore, addressing the socio-cultural determinants of health is essential for reducing the global burden of HIV/AIDS and achieving more effective control of the epidemic.