Journal of Diverse Medical Research: Medicosphere

Selexipag Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Niswah Hamidah — 2024-09-20

Background. To review the current evidence regarding the use of selexipag in the treatment of PAH, evaluating its effectiveness and safety.

Methods. Literature searching was conducted by collecting data through databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect using search terms included "pulmonary arterial hypertension," and "selexipag.".

Discussion. It is necessary to look at the relationship between abnormalities in PAH patients and how Selexipag itself works and to look at the side effects that occur in the research that has been carried out.

Conclusion. Giving selexipag is a good method because it is effective in treating PAH patients even with comorbid diseases or connective tissue diseases. However, not much is known about the use of selexipag and the results of research on selxipag can be said to be still limited. This review highlights the ability of selexipag to improve comfort and effectiveness in the treatment of PAH patients.

Keywords. Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Selexipag

The Impact of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines on Pneumonia in Children: A Review of Recent Studies

Putri Noviana Agustina — 2024-09-20

Background. The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has significantly reduced the burden of pneumonia in children worldwide, leading to decreased hospitalization rates, lower severity of disease, and a reduction in antibiotic resistance. However, regional disparities persist, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where healthcare infrastructure and access to vaccines are often limited.

Methods. This review synthesizes findings from recent studies on the impact of PCVs on the incidence, severity, and management of pneumonia in children. It includes analyses of studies conducted in various regions, highlighting the global and regional effects of PCVs on pneumonia hospitalization rates, vaccine effectiveness against severe disease, and antibiotic resistance.

Discussion. The review underscores the importance of PCVs in reducing pneumonia-related hospitalization rates, disease severity, and antibiotic resistance globally. Nevertheless, challenges persist in addressing regional disparities, particularly in underserved areas with limited healthcare infrastructure and vaccine accessibility.

Conclusion. Continued surveillance and research are essential to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of newer PCV formulations. Developing strategies to improve vaccination coverage in underserved populations and monitoring the emergence of new serotypes are critical for adapting public health strategies. By addressing these challenges, the protective benefits of PCVs can be sustained, ultimately improving health outcomes for children

Keywords:
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, pneumonia, children, hospitalization, vaccine effectiveness, antibiotic resistance

Risk Factors Causing Stunting in Toddlers

Alya Shofiyah — 2024-09-20

Stunting is a condition in which a child experiences a lack of nutritional intake for a long period of time, causing growth disorders in toddlers (infants under five years old). Stunting in toddlers is a global health problem that is influenced by various social, economic, and policy factors.

Objective. This study aims to conduct a systematic review of the available literature to identify risk factors for stunting and examine the challenges faced in handling it, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia and South Africa. In addition, this study also focuses on the role of social policy and health interventions in preventing stunting.

Methods. A literature search was conducted on several reputable scientific databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar with a span of 2019-2024. Keywords used include "stunting", "socioeconomic risk factors", "health policy", and "stunting management". Articles that meet the inclusion criteria are analyzed to extract data related to study design, population, intervention, outcomes, and conclusions relevant to stunting management in children under five.

Results. The review shows that social and economic factors play an important role in stunting, especially in areas with low socioeconomic conditions. Health interventions and social policies have helped reduce stunting rates, but challenges such as lack of access to adequate nutrition and policies that are not fully integrated in some countries remain major obstacles. Conclusions: Although various policies and interventions have yielded positive results in reducing stunting rates, major challenges remain, especially related to access to nutrition and sustainable policy implementation. Future research needs to focus on developing more integrated and personalized policies to reduce stunting rates in developing countries.

Keywords: Stunting, Children Under Five, Socioeconomic Risk Factors, Health Policy, Health Interventions, Systematic Review.

Dysmenorrhea on Mental Health, Quality of Life, and Its Factors among Women in Different Countries

Carissa Aulia Ramadhani Sutopo — 2024-09-20

Background. Dysmenorrhea for many women is a burden in their lives. The high prevalence of dysmenorrhea among adolescents often receives less attention from the medical world because many consider that this dysmenorrhea is a normal thing even though doing activities during menstrual pain that comes every month makes women affected by dysmenorrhea feel disadvantaged because they cannot carry out their activities properly as usual. Taking time off is an option that helps relieve women who suffer from dysmenorrhea so that they can rest. In addition, sufferers usually do hot compresses and aromatherapy to relieve the pain. However, dysmenorrhea itself has not been confirmed so the treatment is still being developed today.

Method. The journals were used by selecting a topic, then determining keywords to search for journals in English and conducting searches using several websites such as Google Scholar, Elsevier, and Taylor and Francis.

Discussion. Considering that the prevalence of dysmenorrhea is quite high, it is really affecting a good percentage of young females, university students, through their regular academic, social, and psychological activities. Several underlying factors are there that determine its intensity, including hormonal imbalance, psychologic issues, endometriosis and adenomyosis, female genital mutilation, etc., cultural, and religious practices aggravating the intensity of menstrual pain. Yet, despite its impact, access to healthcare for many women is impeded by either financial constraints, lack of awareness, or societal normalization of pain, as was shown in Korea, where the utilization of healthcare for dysmenorrhea is poor. Further, the condition has several long-term implications, including possible implications for brain health and heightened levels of stress associated with premenstrual syndrome. Effective treatments include Dienogest and uterine artery embolization, which have relieved symptoms and improved quality of life, thus indicating the need for greater awareness, better access to care, and comprehensive management strategies.

Conclusion. Dysmenorrhea is a disease that affects physically and mentally because it is usually caused by the menstrual period in every woman. Therefore, it is necessary to provide physical and mental treatment due to dysmenorrhea.

The Effect of FOMO (Fear of Missing Out) on Social Media on Insomnia

Alya Raguan Al Habsyi — 2024-09-20

Background: FOMO is an anxiety that a person feels when they feel left out of the experiences shared by others on social media. In today's digital era, social media has become an important element in everyday life. The phenomenon of Fear of Missing

Out (FOMO) is emerging as a significant negative impact, potentially disrupting individuals' mental health and sleep quality including insomnia. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the relationship between FOMO and insomnia and provide recommendations for management of social media use to improve sleep quality. Methods: A literature review was conducted through analyzing literature from Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Mendeley (2019-2024) with a focus on the keywords FOMO, insomnia, and mental health.

Results: Findings suggest that FOMO contributes to sleep difficulties and decreased sleep quality. High social media use, especially at night, correlated with increased anxiety and sleep difficulties. The study also identified mechanisms such as rumination and negative emotional affect as factors that exacerbate insomnia among individuals experiencing FOMO. Conclusion: There is an association significant between FOMO (Fear of Missing Out) and insomnia, where anxiety due to FOMO disrupts sleep patterns. Therefore, implementing management strategies such as limiting social media use before bedtime is essential to improve sleep quality and reduce the negative impact of FOMO.

Keywords: Insomnia, FOMO, Social Media

Analysis of Public Knowledge Regarding Preparedness in Facing Earthquake Disasters

Farida Nayla Kholillah Ruswan — 2024-09-20

Background: Earthquakes are one of the natural disasters that often occur in various countries.
In 2023, there were 10,789 earthquakes in Indonesia with 54,652 fatalities. Method: in the
form of a literature review by collecting information taken from several journals in the form
of primary data. The data obtained came from the PubMed, NCBI, Google Scholar, Mendeley,
ResearchGate, and Scopus databases for the last 5 years based on keywords. Purpose: This
article aims to improve community preparedness for earthquake disasters. Results: Educational
counseling and simulations carried out to foster public understanding of disaster preparedness
are the right steps to build public awareness of the importance of disaster preparedness in
accordance with established guidelines. Preparedness as stipulated in Law No. 24/2007
concerning Disaster Management is defined as a series of activities carried out to anticipate
disasters through organizing with appropriate and efficient steps. Conclusion: Increasing
community capacity through appropriate health promotion will have an impact on the level of
local community participation in understanding the importance of disaster preparedness,
especially earthquakes in the area.
Keywords: Disaster, Earthquake, Preparedness, Counseling