Journal of Diverse Medical Research : Medicosphere

New Insights into Pathophysiology, Hearing Loss, Efficiency, Height, Kidney Growth Complications, Treatment and Other Alternatives in β Thalassemia Patients

2026-10-14T06:34:33+00:00

Beta-thalassemia is a common autosomal recessive hemoglobin disorder and a significant global health concern, particularly in tropical regions. Southeast Asia accounts for approximately 50% of the world’s thalassemia carriers. The disease results from mutations in the β-globin gene that disrupt hemoglobin synthesis, causing an imbalance in α and β-globin chain production. This imbalance contributes to ineffective erythropoiesis, chronic anemia, tissue hypoxia, compensatory hematopoietic expansion, and iron overload. This narrative literature review examined English language publications retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library to explore the pathophysiology, clinical complications, and therapeutic approaches associated with β-thalassemia. β-thalassemia might be associated with impaired growth, hearing loss, renal dysfunction, and reduced bone mineral density. These complications can arise from disease-related mechanisms, iron overload, and treatment-related factors. Conventional management incudes blood transfusion and iron chelation, while emerging therapies, such as luspatercept, can reduce transfusion requirements in eligible patients. Early detection and genetic counseling are also important components of disease prevention. Understanding the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of β-thalassemia is essential for optimizing disease management. Appropriate monitoring, individualized treatment, and preventive strategies also can help reduce complications and improve patient outcomes.

Impact of Malnutrition on Iron Deficiency Anemia in Children

2026-10-14T06:49:32+00:00

Malnutrition is a serious health issue, particularly in developing countries like Indonesia. It is characterized by inadequate nutritional intake, including iron, which plays a crucial role in hemoglobin formation. As a result, children suffering from malnutrition often experience iron deficiency anemia (IDA), negatively affecting their growth, development, and overall health. This study is to determine the impact of malnutrition on the occurrence of iron deficiency anemia in children through a literature review. This study employs a Literature Review method by reviewing relevant national and international journals from the last ten years. Data were collected through searches on Google Scholar, ResearchGate, NCBI, Pubmed, and ScienceDirect. Out of 10 screened journals, 4 met the inclusion criteria and were further analyzed. The incidence of iron deficiency anemia in children is greatly influenced by malnutrition. Children with inadequate nutritional intake, particularly iron, tend to have lower hemoglobin levels, leading to anemia. Additionally, low socioeconomic status limits access to nutritious food, further exacerbating the prevalence of anemia. A lack of family awareness regarding the importance of a balanced diet also contributes to the high rates of iron deficiency anemia in children. This condition can adversely affect physical growth, cognitive development, and increase the risk of infections in children. There is a significant relationship between malnutrition and the incidence of iron deficiency anemia in children. Low socioeconomic status and insufficient iron intake are the primary factors contributing to the high prevalence of anemia. Comprehensive nutritional interventions are crucial to preventing the long-term negative impacts on children's growth and development.

The Impact of Stress on Mental Health in Medical Students

2026-10-12T05:12:17+00:00

Medical education involves intense academic demands, clinical responsibilities, and high-performance expectations, which can increase medical students’ vulnerability to stress and mental health issues. This narrative review examines the factors contributing to stress among medical students, its impact on mental health, and its implications for academic performance and professional development. Relevant literature was identified through searches on Google Scholar, PubMed, and other scientific databases. The search initially focused on publications from 2019 to 2024, with earlier references included when necessary. The literature was reviewed thematically to identify key stressors, impacts on mental health, and potential management strategies. Medical students experience stress due to academic demands, clinical responsibilities, and personal challenges. Prolonged stress can contribute to anxiety, depressive symptoms, sleep disturbances, and a decline in academic performance, whereas manageable stress can support motivation and adaptive coping mechanisms. Effective stress management requires individual coping strategies and institutional support. Stress is a significant issue in medical education due to its potential impact on mental health, academic performance, and professional development. A supportive learning environment, easily accessible mental health services, and appropriate coping strategies are essential for improving the well-being of medical students.

Understanding the Definition, Causes, and Prevention of Chickenpox

2026-10-12T05:13:28+00:00

There are many cases of chickenpox in Indonesia. However, the number of people who do not understand and are unaware of chickenpox is quite large. The method used in this narrative review is by selecting a topic, determine keywords that will be used to search for international journals through several databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Chickenpox is a disease that generally affects children with the main symptoms of skin rashes, fever, and headaches, and can cause severe complications in infected adults. It is treated with symptomatic treatment such as antipyretics and antihistamines for mild cases, antiviral therapy and intensive care for severe cases. Vaccination has been proven to be effective in preventing the spread of outbreaks as well as post-exposure vaccination to reduce the severity of the disease. Chickenpox is an infectious disease that often affects children and has a higher risk of complications if it occurs in adults. This disease is caused by the varicella-zoster virus and is characterized by common symptoms in the form of fever, skin rashes, and fluid-filled elasticity that spreads throughout the body. Prevention that has been proven effective in reducing the incidence, complications, and spread of chickenpox is vaccination. With chickenpox vaccination, it can prevent future shingles-related complications.

Nutritional Interventions for Improving Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2026-10-14T07:33:30+00:00

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Indonesia ranks among countries with the highest diabetes burden. Insulin resistance worsens glycemic control and increases cardiometabolic complications, making nutritional interventions promising non-pharmacological strategies. This narrative review synthesized evidence from 2020 to 2025 on nutritional interventions for improving insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus. A literature search was conducted in three databases using keywords. Articles were selected using the PICO framework and synthesized narratively. Ketogenic and low-carbohydrate diets reduced glycated hemoglobin, fasting glucose, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. Dietary fiber improved insulin sensitivity through gut microbiota modulation and increased short-chain fatty acid production. Probiotics and prebiotics improved glycemic control and reduced inflammation. The Mediterranean diet improved insulin resistance and reduced cardiometabolic risk. Chrononutrition helped suppress postprandial glycemia and improve insulin sensitivity. Nutritional interventions play a role in type 2 diabetes mellitus management by targeting insulin resistance through gut microbiota modulation, reduced inflammation and oxidative stress, and improved lipid metabolism. Low-carbohydrate, high-fiber diets, probiotic and prebiotic supplementation, the Mediterranean diet, and chrononutrition are promising adjunctive strategies, but long-term randomized controlled trials are needed to establish sustainability and safety.