Journal of Diverse Medical Research: Medicosphere

Erythema Nodosum Leprosum in Lepromatous Type Hansen’s Disease

2025-06-25T00:28:51+00:00

This case report describes a 39-year-old woman with lepromatous Hansen's disease accompanied by erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) reaction. The patient had complained of lumps in the facial area since 2017 and did not experience any improvement after therapy. In 2022, the diagnosis of ENL was confirmed by BTA examination with a bacterial index of +1 and a morphological index of 90%. After undergoing one year of therapy and re-evaluation, an increase in morphological index was found. Currently, the lesions have spread to the hands and feet, and the patient is receiving anti-inflammatory and supportive therapy with regular monitoring. ENL is a type II reaction to immune-mediated Hansen's disease with the role of various inflammatory cytokines. Risk factors include lepromatous type, hormonal status, and bacterial index. Delayed diagnosis and suboptimal therapeutic response can worsen the clinical course. In conclusion, this case highlights the importance of early detection, immunological management, and a multidisciplinary approach in managing chronic ENL in lepromatous Hansen's disease.

Severe Headache as the Initial and Isolated Manifestation of a High-Volume Intracranial Meningioma

2025-06-23T01:51:07+00:00

Meningiomas are the most common benign intracranial tumors and make up 13-26% of all primary intracranial tumors. This tumor can be seen through radiological images and classified through the results of anatomical pathology examination. A 48-year-old woman came from Cileungsi Hospital with complaints of severe headaches in the past 3 days ago. When examined using a CT scan with contrast, an extra-axial mass was found in the right frontal region with prefocal edema around it. This supports the picture of high-grade meningioma which causes midline deviation towards the left. High-grade meningiomas, as one of the aggressive types of brain tumors, pose significant challenges in the fields of neurology and oncology. With its characteristic rapid growth and tendency to relapse, a thorough understanding of its diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis is essential in efforts to improve patient outcomes. This patient is scheduled for craniotomy surgery with a neurosurgeon specialist and found a tumor in the right parietal region with a solid consistency. with the patient's complaint lasting only 3 days, feeling severe headaches, it was found that the tumor image obtained was already large, making it is possible that the final outcome of the disease in these patients is poor due to delays in treatment. This case report shows that early detection of this disease needs to be done considering that the patient's complaints only lasted 3 days, which is not in line with the progression of the tumor itself.

Chemical Exposure, Public Health, and Environmental Justice Among Populations Residing Near Industrial Areas

2025-06-30T03:30:54+00:00

Background: Industrial chemical exposure has emerged as a critical environmental and public health concern, particularly in Indonesia. Communities residing near industrial zones face heightened risks due to direct and prolonged exposure to hazardous substances. Numerous studies have documented the detrimental health and environmental effects of such exposure, including respiratory illnesses, cancer, and ecological degradation. Socioeconomic disparities further exacerbate these impacts, with marginalized populations often bearing a disproportionate burden of pollution-related consequences. Methods: This study adopts a literature review approach, synthesizing findings from peer-reviewed academic journals, institutional reports, and relevant research to evaluate the health and environmental implications of chemical exposure in industrial areas. Results and Discussion: The review reveals consistent evidence of significant adverse effects stemming from industrial pollution, particularly on vulnerable populations living in proximity to industrial facilities. The compounded risks include both acute and chronic health outcomes and degradation of environmental quality. Conclusion: The implementation of effective mitigation strategies and the enforcement of regulatory policies are essential to reduce chemical exposure risks. Strengthening environmental governance and prioritizing public health in industrial planning are critical steps toward protecting communities in affected areas.

Early Warning System for Disaster Preparedness in Local Flood Management

2025-06-23T01:27:07+00:00

Background: Flooding remains one of the most recurrent and devastating natural hazards, disproportionately impacting low-lying and poorly drained areas, particularly in developing countries. Exacerbated by rapid urbanization, climate change, and inadequate infrastructure, flood-related disasters increasingly affect socioeconomically vulnerable populations. Despite the predictable nature of such events, local-level disaster preparedness remains insufficient, largely due to the absence or inefficiency of Early Warning Systems (EWS).

Methods: This paper investigates the role of EWS in strengthening community-based flood preparedness by applying the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) four-component framework: risk knowledge, monitoring and warning service, dissemination and communication, and response capability. Using a qualitative, framework-based methodology, the study assesses each component through case study analysis, technological review, and institutional mapping.

Result and Discussions: Findings indicate that while EWS provides a robust conceptual tool for flood risk mitigation, their implementation is frequently hindered by technical, institutional, social, and financial barriers. These include unreliable monitoring infrastructure, fragmented governance, inequitable communication access, and unsustainable funding mechanisms. Moreover, the study reveals that the success of EWS hinges not merely on technological sophistication, but on their alignment with local contexts, community participation, and cross-sectoral coordination.

Conclusion: This concludes that for EWS to be effective and equitable, they must be embedded within broader resilience strategies that emphasize localized governance, long-term capacity building, and inclusive risk communication. By reorienting EWS toward community-driven models, stakeholders can enhance flood preparedness and reduce disaster vulnerability amid escalating climate threats.

Keywords: EWS, Disaster Preparedness, Flood Management, Local Context

Pulmonary Tuberculosis in a Child with Mediastinal Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor : a Rare Case

2025-06-30T00:32:57+00:00

Background : Tuberculosis is one of the most important global health problems in children. Mediastinal masses in pediatric age patients have a wide range of differential diagnoses, including benign and malign tumors and chronic infectious process. Mediastinal mass is a rare presentation of tuberculosis in children.

Objective : To report a rare case of pulmonary tuberculosis in a child with mediastinal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor.

Case Report : A 4 year 2 month-old boy with chief complaint of cough since less than one month before admission. The cough accompanied with greenish yellow sputum, no coughing of blood, the cough during morning, noon, or night, and did not affected by cold air and there were no causative factors causing of coughing. The coughing did not improve by taking medication. The patient also complained of shortness of breathing since three days before admission accompanied by chest pain in the right side. The initial examination of the patient alert with a weakness of general condition and dypneu. Anthropometric examination obtained patient weight 13 kg, height 97 cm (WAZ =-2, LAZ >-2, WLZ > -2, WHO Child Growth Standards). Laboratory result on admission were leukocytes 10.120/uL, hemoglobin 11,3g/dL, hematocrit 36,9%, trombocyte 517.000, BUN 5mg/dL, SCr 0,36mg/dL, ALT 46U/L, AST 41U/L, Na 136nmol/L, K 4,3mmol/L, Cl 104mmol/L, Ca 8,7mmol/L, CRP 14,8mg/L. The thoracic MSCT result showed the tuberculosis process. The Gene X-pert examination revealed MTB detected positive rifampicin susceptable The guiding Thoracic CT Scan FNAB result showed mediastinal mass with size 4.6 x 5.5 cm (benign spindle mesenchymal tumor, according with inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor). The patient given first line tuberculosis treatment, for a while the mediastinal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor not be treated, will be reevaluated after the tuberculosis treatment was completed.

Conclusions : This case report describes a pulmonary tuberculosis with mediatinal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor

Femoral Neck Fracture in Geriatri Patient: A Case Studies and Approaches to Post-Operative Rehabilitation

2025-06-30T00:32:25+00:00

Introduction: Femoral collum fractures are a common injury in the geriatric population, particularly postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The intracapsular location of the fracture and proximity to the blood supply of the femoral head increases the risk of complications such as non-union and avascular necrosis. Early and appropriate treatment is essential to minimize long-term functional impact. Case Illustration: A 67-year-old woman experienced severe pain in the right hip after slipping while mopping the floor. The patient was unable to stand or walk after the incident. History showed osteoporosis which was not treated regularly. Radiologic examination revealed a right collum femur fracture with Garden type IV classification. The patient underwent arthroplasty bipolar and a gradual physiotherapy rehabilitation program for six months. Discussion: This case illustrates a common pattern of osteoporotic fractures in the elderly, where minor trauma can cause severe damage to the bone. The selection of arthroplasty is appropriate to the patient's bone condition and fracture type, providing stability and allowing early mobilization. Intensive rehabilitation has been shown to support functional recovery. Long-term management of osteoporosis with antiresorptive therapy such as zoledronate, patient education, and environmental modification are also important for the prevention of recurrent fractures. Conclusion: A comprehensive approach that includes surgery, early rehabilitation, and management of osteoporosis can result in a better.